European analysts have proposed using cyber capabilities to paralyze a Russian city or disrupt Moscow’s metro system as a warning to the Kremlin, according to The New York Times.

The proposals come amid discussions among European officials over how far the European Union should go in responding to Russia and whether potential countermeasures should extend directly onto Russian territory.

One option under consideration involves cyber operations capable of disabling major urban infrastructure. Analysts have also suggested that NATO countries could deploy advanced air defense systems, potentially including coverage over Ukrainian territory, to intercept drones and missiles heading toward alliance members.

Such measures would be intended to address threats arising from either deliberate attacks or accidental incidents.

Former senior NATO official Camille Grand urged European governments to remain calm while avoiding complacency or a failure to recognize the seriousness of the situation.

According to the newspaper, European countries are seeking to strengthen their ability to deter what they describe as Russian hybrid warfare through public condemnation, greater public awareness, improved defenses and increased pressure on Moscow.

However, reaching agreement on more assertive measures could prove difficult.

David Cattler, a former NATO intelligence official, warned that building a consensus among European governments on how to respond to Russia would be a significant challenge.

He argued that failing to take proportionate action against Russia could make Europe appear weak and encourage further attacks.

Cattler also emphasized the importance of a cautious, coordinated information strategy. Rather than responding separately to individual incidents, he said European governments should develop a consistent approach to communicating threats and their responses.