Russia’s upgraded Tu-95MSM strategic missile carrier has received new engines, advanced onboard systems and expanded weapons capabilities. The extensive modernization has transformed nearly every major part of the aircraft, including its tail section, which no longer houses defensive guns.

Earlier versions of the Tu-95 had a gunner stationed in the rear pressurized cabin, operating two AM-23 automatic cannons. Another configuration featured an Il-76-derived gun mount equipped with two twin-barrel GSh-23 cannons. The former gunner’s compartment has now been completely sealed off and converted into a technical section.

A representative of the aircraft’s developer explained on the Voyennaya Priyomka program that the redesigned compartment improves the bomber’s buoyancy in the event of an emergency landing on water.

The decision to eliminate the tail guns reflects the way these strategic aircraft operate. Tu-95 missile carriers conduct their missions far from the front line, making encounters with enemy fighter jets extremely unlikely. During combat duty, the aircraft, nicknamed «Bears» by NATO, are also continuously escorted by Russian Aerospace Forces fighters.

The modernization extends to the bomber’s electronic equipment. Its navigation system now incorporates an astronomical navigation module similar to the one used on the Tu-160. Meanwhile, the older Obzor-MS radar has been replaced by the more advanced Novella-NV1.021 system, according to Osvedomitel.

The aircraft’s missile capabilities have also been expanded. Engineers modified the internal weapons bay and added underwing pylons, allowing the Tu-95MSM to launch Kh-101 cruise missiles and their nuclear-armed Kh-102 variant.

Another major improvement involves the propulsion system. The modernized bomber is powered by new NK-12MPM turboprop engines fitted with upgraded AV-60T propellers.