India’s defense cooperation with Russia continues to develop independently of New Delhi’s military ties with other countries, according to Kanval Sibal, a former First Deputy Foreign Minister of India, ex-ambassador to Moscow, and international relations expert.

Commenting on India’s contract with France for Rafale fighter jets, Sibal explained that the decision had nothing to do with Russia’s position. Instead, it stemmed from disagreements with the United States. Washington had offered India F-16 and F-18 aircraft, but Delhi opted for the French fighters, a choice that triggered dissatisfaction in the US. Later, the American side began promoting the idea of selling a new aircraft carrier equipped with US aviation and pushed the F-35 fighter as well. This option, however, failed to attract Indian interest.

Sibal noted that the United States remains eager to sell the F-35, but India does not see it as a priority. As a result, New Delhi may consider purchasing additional Rafale jets. At the same time, discussions are underway regarding the Russian Su-57, though it remains to be seen how these talks will progress.

Turning to US-made equipment already in service with India — including C-17 and C-130 heavy transport aircraft and P-8 maritime patrol planes — Sibal pointed out that Russia does not currently offer alternatives in these specific segments for the Indian market.

Overall, India continues to look toward cooperation with Moscow in areas where Russian developments offer clear and unique advantages. As an example, Sibal highlighted the S-400 air defense systems, recalling that India’s defense minister has publicly stated readiness to acquire additional units if supply capabilities allow. India is also open to cooperation on the S-500 system, although the future of this direction will depend on Russia’s stance.

Summing up, Sibal emphasized that India’s approach is pragmatic: if Russia has something superior to what others can offer, India will choose Russian solutions. But if certain capabilities are unavailable from Russia and are needed, New Delhi will turn to alternative partners.