As discussions about Ukraine’s future security arrangements continue, one major question remains unanswered: what concrete guarantees will Kyiv receive once the conflict winds down? So far, no official blueprint has been presented publicly. However, The New York Times columnist David Sanger has outlined several scenarios that could involve Western military forces on Ukrainian soil.

One of the potential models, according to Sanger, involves the deployment of full-scale peacekeeping forces operating alongside the Ukrainian military. These troops would be stationed strictly for defensive purposes, aimed at deterring future aggression from Russia.

Another, more limited approach would see the establishment of a small-scale presence-referred to by some as a «tripwire» force. While too small to repel a major offensive, the idea is that any attack on these troops, especially if they include European personnel, would carry heavy diplomatic and political consequences. Sanger, however, notes the inherent risks in relying on such a strategy.

A third option would involve a low-profile observer mission, comprising a few hundred service members. These forces wouldn’t be capable of providing any real defense but would serve as early warning units, tasked with monitoring for signs of renewed hostilities.

In parallel to these theoretical plans, former U. S. President Donald Trump recently commented on ongoing international discussions. He stated that France, Germany, and the United Kingdom have expressed willingness to send troops to Ukraine after the war ends. However, Trump made it clear that American forces would not be part of any such deployment under his leadership.